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wisconsin

wisconsin

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Author: Source: Unknown - Please cite: 1. Title: Wisconsin Prognostic Breast Cancer (WPBC) 2. Source Information a) Creators: Dr. William H. Wolberg, General Surgery Dept., University of Wisconsin, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53792 wolberg@eagle.surgery.wisc.edu W. Nick Street, Computer Sciences Dept., University of Wisconsin, 1210 West Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706 street@cs.wisc.edu 608-262-6619 Olvi L. Mangasarian, Computer Sciences Dept., University of Wisconsin, 1210 West Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706 olvi@cs.wisc.edu b) Donor: Nick Street c) Date: December 1995 3. Past Usage: Various versions of this data have been used in the following publications: (i) W. N. Street, O. L. Mangasarian, and W.H. Wolberg. An inductive learning approach to prognostic prediction. In A. Prieditis and S. Russell, editors, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Machine Learning, pages 522--530, San Francisco, 1995. Morgan Kaufmann. (ii) O.L. Mangasarian, W.N. Street and W.H. Wolberg. Breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis via linear programming. Operations Research, 43(4), pages 570-577, July-August 1995. (iii) W.H. Wolberg, W.N. Street, D.M. Heisey, and O.L. Mangasarian. Computerized breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis from fine needle aspirates. Archives of Surgery 1995;130:511-516. (iv) W.H. Wolberg, W.N. Street, and O.L. Mangasarian. Image analysis and machine learning applied to breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Analytical and Quantitative Cytology and Histology, Vol. 17 No. 2, pages 77-87, April 1995. (v) W.H. Wolberg, W.N. Street, D.M. Heisey, and O.L. Mangasarian. Computer-derived nuclear ``grade'' and breast cancer prognosis. Analytical and Quantitative Cytology and Histology, Vol. 17, pages 257-264, 1995. See also: http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~olvi/uwmp/mpml.html http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~olvi/uwmp/cancer.html Results: Two possible learning problems: 1) Predicting field 2, outcome: R = recurrent, N = nonrecurrent - Dataset should first be filtered to reflect a particular endpoint; e.g., recurrences before 24 months = positive, nonrecurrence beyond 24 months = negative. - 86.3% accuracy estimated accuracy on 2-year recurrence using previous version of this data. Learning method: MSM-T (see below) in the 4-dimensional space of Mean Texture, Worst Area, Worst Concavity, Worst Fractal Dimension. 2) Predicting Time To Recur (field 3 in recurrent records) - Estimated mean error 13.9 months using Recurrence Surface Approximation. (See references (i) and (ii) above) 4. Relevant information Each record represents follow-up data for one breast cancer case. These are consecutive patients seen by Dr. Wolberg since 1984, and include only those cases exhibiting invasive breast cancer and no evidence of distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. The first 30 features are computed from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. They describe characteristics of the cell nuclei present in the image. A few of the images can be found at http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~street/images/ The separation described above was obtained using Multisurface Method-Tree (MSM-T) [K. P. Bennett, "Decision Tree Construction Via Linear Programming." Proceedings of the 4th Midwest Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Society, pp. 97-101, 1992], a classification method which uses linear programming to construct a decision tree. Relevant features were selected using an exhaustive search in the space of 1-4 features and 1-3 separating planes. The actual linear program used to obtain the separating plane in the 3-dimensional space is that described in: [K. P. Bennett and O. L. Mangasarian: "Robust Linear Programming Discrimination of Two Linearly Inseparable Sets", Optimization Methods and Software 1, 1992, 23-34]. The Recurrence Surface Approximation (RSA) method is a linear programming model which predicts Time To Recur using both recurrent and nonrecurrent cases. See references (i) and (ii) above for details of the RSA method. This database is also available through the UW CS ftp server: ftp ftp.cs.wisc.edu cd math-prog/cpo-dataset/machine-learn/WPBC/ 5. Number of instances: 198 6. Number of attributes: 34 (ID, outcome, 32 real-valued input features) 7. Attribute information 1) ID number 2) Outcome (R = recur, N = nonrecur) 3) Time (recurrence time if field 2 = R, disease-free time if field 2 = N) 4-33) Ten real-valued features are computed for each cell nucleus: a) radius (mean of distances from center to points on the perimeter) b) texture (standard deviation of gray-scale values) c) perimeter d) area e) smoothness (local variation in radius lengths) f) compactness (perimeter^2 / area - 1.0) g) concavity (severity of concave portions of the contour) h) concave points (number of concave portions of the contour) i) symmetry j) fractal dimension ("coastline approximation" - 1) Several of the papers listed above contain detailed descriptions of how these features are computed. The mean, standard error, and "worst" or largest (mean of the three largest values) of these features were computed for each image, resulting in 30 features. For instance, field 4 is Mean Radius, field 14 is Radius SE, field 24 is Worst Radius. Values for features 4-33 are recoded with four significant digits. 34) Tumor size - diameter of the excised tumor in centimeters 35) Lymph node status - number of positive axillary lymph nodes observed at time of surgery 8. Missing attribute values: Lymph node status is missing in 4 cases. 9. Class distribution: 151 nonrecur, 47 recur ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Luis Torgo's version: (reconstructed) - removed the four instances with unknown values of the last attribute - exchanged the attribute position of attributes n.3 (Time) and n.35 (Lymph node). - removed the attribute outcome as it is the class attribute if the problem is treated as a classification one -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

33 features

time (target)numeric94 unique values
0 missing
compactness_senumeric188 unique values
0 missing
compactness_meannumeric189 unique values
0 missing
compactness_worstnumeric183 unique values
0 missing
concavity_meannumeric185 unique values
0 missing
concavity_senumeric191 unique values
0 missing
concavity_worstnumeric179 unique values
0 missing
concave_points_meannumeric183 unique values
0 missing
concave_points_senumeric180 unique values
0 missing
concave_points_worstnumeric187 unique values
0 missing
symmetry_meannumeric169 unique values
0 missing
symmetry_senumeric187 unique values
0 missing
symmetry_worstnumeric193 unique values
0 missing
fractal_dimension_meannumeric181 unique values
0 missing
fractal_dimension_senumeric188 unique values
0 missing
fractal_dimension_worstnumeric185 unique values
0 missing
tumor_sizenumeric39 unique values
0 missing
lymph_node_statusnumeric22 unique values
0 missing
smoothness_worstnumeric193 unique values
0 missing
smoothness_senumeric192 unique values
0 missing
smoothness_meannumeric189 unique values
0 missing
area_worstnumeric187 unique values
0 missing
area_senumeric192 unique values
0 missing
area_meannumeric190 unique values
0 missing
perimeter_worstnumeric172 unique values
0 missing
perimeter_senumeric185 unique values
0 missing
perimeter_meannumeric192 unique values
0 missing
texture_worstnumeric188 unique values
0 missing
texture_senumeric175 unique values
0 missing
texture_meannumeric188 unique values
0 missing
radius_worstnumeric177 unique values
0 missing
radius_senumeric190 unique values
0 missing
radius_meannumeric174 unique values
0 missing

107 properties

194
Number of instances (rows) of the dataset.
33
Number of attributes (columns) of the dataset.
0
Number of distinct values of the target attribute (if it is nominal).
0
Number of missing values in the dataset.
0
Number of instances with at least one value missing.
33
Number of numeric attributes.
0
Number of nominal attributes.
-29.74
Average class difference between consecutive instances.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Entropy of the target attribute values.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
0.17
Number of attributes divided by the number of instances.
Number of attributes needed to optimally describe the class (under the assumption of independence among attributes). Equals ClassEntropy divided by MeanMutualInformation.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001
Percentage of instances belonging to the most frequent class.
Number of instances belonging to the most frequent class.
Maximum entropy among attributes.
26.3
Maximum kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
1401.76
Maximum of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Maximum mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
The maximum number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
3.9
Maximum skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
587.04
Maximum standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Average entropy of the attributes.
2.72
Mean kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
86.32
Mean of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Average mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
An estimate of the amount of irrelevant information in the attributes regarding the class. Equals (MeanAttributeEntropy - MeanMutualInformation) divided by MeanMutualInformation.
Average number of distinct values among the attributes of the nominal type.
1.12
Mean skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
33.4
Mean standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Minimal entropy among attributes.
-0.81
Minimum kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
0
Minimum of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Minimal mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
The minimal number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
-0.13
Minimum skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
0
Minimum standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Percentage of instances belonging to the least frequent class.
Number of instances belonging to the least frequent class.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
0
Number of binary attributes.
0
Percentage of binary attributes.
0
Percentage of instances having missing values.
0
Percentage of missing values.
100
Percentage of numeric attributes.
0
Percentage of nominal attributes.
First quartile of entropy among attributes.
0.44
First quartile of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
0.09
First quartile of means among attributes of the numeric type.
First quartile of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
0.58
First quartile of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
0.02
First quartile of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Second quartile (Median) of entropy among attributes.
1.71
Second quartile (Median) of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
0.36
Second quartile (Median) of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Second quartile (Median) of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
0.99
Second quartile (Median) of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
0.17
Second quartile (Median) of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Third quartile of entropy among attributes.
3.58
Third quartile of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
21.65
Third quartile of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Third quartile of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
1.59
Third quartile of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
4.91
Third quartile of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
Standard deviation of the number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk

7 tasks

0 runs - estimation_procedure: 5 times 2-fold Crossvalidation - target_feature: time
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 10 times 10-fold Crossvalidation - target_feature: time
0 runs - estimation_procedure: Leave one out - target_feature: time
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 10% Holdout set - target_feature: time
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 33% Holdout set - target_feature: time
0 runs - estimation_procedure: Test on Training Data - target_feature: time
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 10-fold Crossvalidation - target_feature: time
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